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Ralte language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ralte
RegionIndia
Ethnicity34,000 Ralte, Mizo[1]
Native speakers
900 (2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ral
Glottologralt1242

Ralte is a Kuki-Chin language of India. Fewer than a thousand Ralte people speak the language.

Geographical distribution

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Ralte is spoken in the following locations (Ethnologue).

Vocabulary

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Below are comparative Swadesh lists of Ralte, Mizo, and Tedim from Otsuka (2016).

No. Gloss Ralte Tedim Mizo
1. I kei˩ kei˩˥ kei˩˥
2. thou naŋ˩ naŋ˩˥ naŋ˩˥
3. he a˩maʔ˥ a˥maʔ˩ a˥maʔ˩
4. we kei˩muʔ˥ kou˥˩ kei˩nī˥˩
5. you naŋ˩muʔ˥ nou˥˩ naŋ˩nī˥˩
6. they a˩muʔ˥ a˥māu˥˩ an˩nī˥˩
7. this hī˩hiʔ˥ hiʔ˥ hei˥˩hi˥
8. that tou˩˥hiʔ˩ tuaʔ˥ kʰā˥˩kʰa˥
9. here hi˩tou˥˩vaʔ˩ hiaʔ˥ he˥taʔ˩
10. there tou˥˩vaʔ˩ huaʔ˥ so˥taʔ˩
11. who kū˩˥hā˩˥ kua˥˩ tu˩ŋē˥˩
12. what ī˩˥hā˩˥ baŋ˥˩ e˩ŋē˥˩
13. where kʰoi˥˩aʔ˩hā˩˥ koi˩˥aʔ˩ kʰoi˥˩aʔ˩ŋē˥˩
14. when ī˩˥tik˩lāi˥˩ cik˩ciaŋ˥˩ eŋ˩tik˩lāi˥
15. how ī˩tin˥˩hā˩˥ baŋ˥˩cī˩ eŋ˩tin˥ŋē˥˩
16. not ou˥˩ lou˥˩ lou˩
17. all a˩rēŋ˩in˥˩ a˩vek˥pī˩˥ a˩vāi˩˥
18. many tam˩ tam˩˥ tam˩˥
19. some a˩kʰen˥˩ pōl˧xat˥ a˩ṭʰen˥
20. few tōm˥˩ tōm˧ tlēm˥
21. other daŋ˩ daŋ˩˥ daŋ˩˥
22. one pa˩kʰat˥ xat˩ pa˩kʰat˩
23. two pa˩niʔ˥ niʔ˩ pa˩n̥niʔ˩
24. three pa˩tʰum˥˩ tʰum˧ pa˩tʰum˥
25. four pa˩lī˥˩ lī˧ pa˩lī˥
26. five pa˩ŋā˥˩ ŋā˧ pa˩ŋā˥
27. big lian˩˥ lian˥˩ lian˩
28. long sāu˩ sāu˩˥ sei˥
29. wide zāu˥˩ zai˩˥ zāu˥
30. thick saʔ˩ saʔ˩ cʰaʔ˩
31. heavy hit˩ ɡik˩ rit˩
32. small nēu˩ nēu˩˥ tē˩˥
33. short tōi˩ tom˩˥ tōi˩˥
34. narrow zīm˥˩ toi˩˥ zīm˥
35. thin pan˥˩ pā˩˥ pan˥
36. woman mei˩˥sia˩ nu˩mei˩ m̥mei˩cʰia˥˩
37. man pa˩sal˩ pa˩sal˩˥ mi˩pā˩
38. human mi˩hiŋ˥˩ mi˥hiŋ˧ mi˩ɕiŋ˥
39. child nau˥˩paŋ˩ nāu˧paŋ˩˥ nau˥paŋ˩˥
40. wife zī˥˩ zī˧ nu˩pui˩˥
41. husband pa˩sal˩ pa˩sal˩˥ pa˩sal˩˥
42. mother nū˩ nū˩˥ nū˥˩
43. father pā˩ pā˩˥ pā˥˩
44. animal ham˥˩sā˩ ɡam˧sā˩˥ ram˥sā˥˩
45. fish sa˩ŋā˩ ŋa˥sā˩˥ sa˩ŋ̊ŋā˥˩
46. bird sa˩vā˩ va˥sā˩˥ sa˩vā˥˩
47. dog ui˩ ui˩˥ ui˩˥
48. louse hik˩ hik˩ ɕik˩
49. snake hūl˥˩ ɡūl˧ rūl˥
50. worm caŋ˥˩pāt˩ luŋ˩˥ caŋ˥pāt˩˥
51. tree tʰiŋ˩ siŋ˩˥ tʰiŋ˩˥
52. forest ham˥˩nuai˩ ɡam˧lak˥ ram˥n̥nuai˩˥
53. stick tiaŋ˩ ciaŋ˩˥xut˩ tiaŋ˩˥
54. fruit haʔ˥ ɡaʔ˩ raʔ˩
55. seed cī˩ xāi˥˩cī˩˥ tʰlāi˩cī˥˩
56. leaf naʔ˩ teʔ˩ n̥naʔ˩
57. root zuŋ˩ zuŋ˩˥ zuŋ˩˥
58. bark tʰiŋ˩hōŋ˥˩ siŋ˩˥hōŋ˧ tʰiŋ˩hōŋ˥
59. flower pāk˥˩ pāk˧ paŋ˩pār˥
60. grass kiak˩ lou˧pā˩˥, kiak˩˥ l̥lo˥bet˩
61. rope kʰāu˥˩ xāu˧ ɕui˩zēn˥
62. skin vun˩ vun˩˥ vun˩˥
63. meat sā˩ sā˩˥ sā˥˩
64. blood tʰī˩ sī˩˥ tʰī˩˥
65. bone huʔ˩ ɡuʔ˩ ruʔ˩
66. fat sa˩tʰāu˩˥ sa˥tʰāu˥˩ sa˩ɕiak˥˩
67. egg tui˥˩ tūi˧ tui˥
68. horn kī˩ kī˩˥ kī˥˩
69. tail mei˩ mei˩˥ mei˩˥
70. feather mul˩ mul˩˥ m̥mul˩˥
71. hair sam˩ sam˩˥ sam˩˥
72. head lū˥˩ lū˧ lū˥
73. ear beŋ˥˩ bil˩˥ beŋ˥
74. eye mit˩ mit˩ mit˩
75. nose nāk˩˥ nāk˥˩ n̥nār˥
76. mouth kam˥˩ kam˧ kā˥
77. teeth hā˥˩ hā˧ hā˥
78. tongue lei˥˩ lei˧ lei˥
79. nail tin˩ cin˩˥ tin˩˥
80. foot kēŋ˩pʰaʔ˥ xe˩pēk˩˥ ke˩pʰaʔ˩
81. leg kēŋ˩ xē˥˩ kē˩
82. knee kʰūp˩ xūk˩˥ kʰūp˥˩
83. hand kʰut˩ xut˩ kut˩
84. wing tʰā˩˥ xā˥˩ tʰlā˩
85. belly dul˩˥ ɡil˧pī˩˥ dul˩
86. guts hil˥˩ ɡil˧ rīl˥
87. neck ŋōŋ˥˩ ŋōŋ˧ ŋ̊ŋōŋ˥
88. back nuŋ˥˩zāŋ˥˩ nuŋ˧zāŋ˧ n̥nuŋ˥zāŋ˥
89. breast nōi˩ nōi˩˥ n̥nu˩tē˩˥
90. heart luŋ˥˩ luŋ˧ luŋ˥
91. liver tʰin˩˥ sin˥˩ tʰin˩
92. to drink nē˩ dōn˧ in˥
93. to eat cā˩ nē˩˥ ei˥
94. to bite pet˩ pet˩ seʔ˩
95. to suck cōp˥˩ tōp˩˥ fōp˥˩
96. to spit sia˥˩ sia˩˥ cʰāk˥˩
97. to vomit luak˩ lua˥˩ luak˥˩
98. to blow sēm˥˩ mūt˧ cʰēm˥
99. to breathe tʰō˩ nāk˧ tʰō˥˩
100. to laugh nī˥˩ nūi˧ nui˥
101. to see mū˩˥ mū˥˩ m̥mū˩
102. to hear tʰei˩˥ zā˩˥ ɕia˩˥
103. to know tʰei˩˥ tʰei˥˩ ɕia˩˥
104. to think ŋaiʔ˩tuaʔ˩ ŋaiʔ˩sun˥˩ ŋaiʔ˩tuaʔ˩
105. to smell nam˩˥ nam˥˩ n̥nīm˩
106. to fear lāu˩ lāu˩˥ l̥lāu˩˥
107. to sleep ip˩ iʔ˩mū˧ mū˥
108. to live hiŋ˥˩ hiŋ˧ ɕiŋ˥
109. to die tʰī˥˩ sī˧ tʰī˥
110. to kill tʰat˩ tʰat˩ tʰat˩
111. to fight thawh˥˩ lāi˩˥, ki˩sual˩˥ sual˥
112. to hunt ham˥˩ suak˥˩ ɡam˧ vāk˩˥ ram˥ vāk˥˩, ram˥ cʰuak˥˩
113. to hit vua˩˥ vua˥˩ vua˩
114. to cut tan˩ tan˩˥ tan˩˥
115. to split tʰēr˩ bāl˩˥kēk˩˥ tʰlēr˩˥
116. to stab sun˩˥ sun˥˩ cʰun˩
117. to scratch hiat˩ xuat˩˥ hiat˥˩
118. to dig lāi˩˥ tou˩˥ lāi˩, cou˩˥
119. to swim tui˩˥ leuʔ˩ tūi˩˥ pēk˧ tui˩˥ l̥leuʔ˩
120. to fly lēŋ˥˩ lēŋ˧ tʰlōk˥˩
121. to walk lēŋ˥˩ lam˩˥ siau˥˩ lēŋ˥
122. to come hoŋ˩ kel˥˩ oŋ˩˥ pai˧ lo˩ kal˥
123. to lie lum˩˥ lum˥˩ lum˩
124. to sit kʰuŋ˥˩ tū˧ ṭhū˥
125. to stand diŋ˥˩ diŋ˧ diŋ˥
126. to turn vik˩ pei˩˥ vir˩˥
127. to fall tā˩˥ kia˥˩ tlā˩
128. to give pia˩ pia˩˥ pē˩
129. to have nei˩˥ nei˥˩ nei˩
130. to squeeze hekˀ˩ sūk˧ herˀ˩
131. to rub nōt˩ nōt˩˥ nōt˥˩
132. to wash sil˩˥ sil˩˥ sil˩
133. to wipe sōp˩ sōp˩˥ ɕū˩
134. to pull bot˩ kāi˥˩ pot˩
135. to push sōn˩ sōn˩˥ nam˩˥
136. to throw dēŋ˥˩ dēŋ˧ paiʔ˩
137. to tie kanʔ˩ hēn˧ suiʔ˩
138. to sew kʰui˥˩ xū˧ ṭʰui˥
139. to count siar˥˩ sim˧ cʰiar˥
140. to say soi˩ ɡēn˩˥ soi˩˥
141. to sing sā˩˥ sā˥˩ zāi˥
142. to play practical jokes ciam˩˥niʔ˩dūn˩˥ ki˩ciam˥˩nui˩˥ in˩fiam˥
143. to float lāŋ˥˩ lām˧ lāŋ˥
144. to flow luaŋ˥˩ luaŋ˧ luaŋ˥
145. to freeze kʰaŋ˩ xal˥˩ kʰaŋ˥˩
146. to swell vūŋ˥˩ bōk˧ vūŋ˥
147. sun nī˥˩ nī˧ nī˥
148. moon tʰā˩˥ xā˥˩ tʰlā˩
149. star āk˥˩sī˩˥ āk˧sī˥˩ ar˥sī˩
150. water tui˩ tūi˩˥ tui˩˥
151. rain huaʔ˩ ɡuaʔ˩ ruaʔ˩
152. river lui˩˥ lūi˥˩ lui˩
153. lake dīl˩ tūi˩˥lī˧ dīl˩˥
154. sea tui˩fin˩riat˩ tūi˩˥pī˥ tui˩fin˥˩riat˥˩
155. salt cī˩˥ cī˥˩ cī˩
156. stone suaŋ˩ suaŋ˩˥ luŋ˩˥
157. sand tiau˥˩ seʔ˩nēl˩˥ tiau˥
158. dust vāi˥˩vut˩ lei˩˥vui˧ vai˥vut˩
159. earth lei˩ lei˩˥ lei˩˥
160. cloud sūm˩ mei˧ cʰūm˩˥
161. fog ro˩˥mei˩ xo˥mui˧ ro˩mei˩˥
162. sky vān˩˥ vān˥˩ vān˩
163. wind tʰī˥˩ huiʔ˩ tʰlī˥
164. snow vūk˥˩ vūk˧ vūr˥
165. ice vūk˩kʰal˩ tūi˩˥xal˥˩ vūr˥kʰal˥˩
166. smoke mei˩kʰū˩ mei˩˥xū˩˥ mei˩kʰū˥˩
167. fire mei˩ mei˩˥ mei˩˥
168. ash vāp˩ vut˩ vāp˩˥
169. to burn kāŋ˩˥ kāŋ˥˩ kāŋ˩
170. road lam˩pui˩ lam˩˥ koŋ˥
171. mountain tāŋ˥˩ mual˧ tlāŋ˥
172. red san˥˩ san˧ sen˥
173. green hiŋ˥˩ eŋ˧ ɕiŋ˥
174. yellow eŋ˥˩ nāi˧pāk˧ eŋ˥
175. white vāk˥˩ kāŋ˧ vār˥
176. black dum˥˩ vom˧ dum˥
177. night zān˩˥ zān˥˩ zān˩
178. day nī˥˩ nī˧ nī˥
179. year kum˩˥ kum˥˩ kum˩
180. warm lum˥˩ lum˧ lum˥
181. cold dāi˩˥ vot˩ vōt˥˩
182. full dim˩ dim˩˥ kʰat˩
183. new tʰar˥˩ tʰak˥ tʰar˥
184. old lui˥˩ lui˧ hlui˥
185. good pʰā˩˥ hoiʔ˩ ṭʰā˩
186. bad sual˩ sia˩˥ sual˩˥
187. rotten muat˩ muat˩˥ ṭoiʔ˩
188. dirty bolˀ˩loʔ˩ nīn˥˩ bolˀ˩l̥loʔ˩
189. straight ŋīl˥˩ taŋ˧ ŋīl˥
190. round bial˥˩ bēm˩˥ bial˥
191. sharp hiam˥˩ hiam˧ ɕiam˥
192. dull bil˩ mōl˩˥ bil˩˥
193. smooth nāl˩ nāl˩˥ nāl˩˥
194. wet nom˥˩ kōt˩˥ huʔ˩
195. dry kou˥˩ keu˧ rou˥
196. correct dik˩ mān˧, dik˩ dik˩
197. near nāi˩ nāi˩˥ n̥nāi˩˥
198. far lam˩lā˩ ɡam˧lā˩˥ l̥lā˥
199. right tak˩lam˩ tak˩lam˩˥ a˩diŋ˩˥lam˩˥
200. left a˩vei˩lam˩ vei˩˥lam˩˥ a˩vei˩˥lam˩˥
201. at aʔ˩ aʔ˩ aʔ˩
202. in aʔ˩ aʔ˩ aʔ˩
203. with tuah˩ toʔ˩ nēn˩
204. and leʔ˩ leʔ˩ leʔ˩
205. if cʰun˥˩ leʔ˩ cʰuan˥
206. because a˩vāŋ˩in˥˩ a˥hiʔ˩ciaŋ˩˥in˧ a˥vāŋ˩in˥
207. name miŋ˥˩ min˧ m̥miŋ˥

References

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  1. ^ a b Ralte at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
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